until 1862. It was then that he was encouraged by successful childrenΓÇÖs writer Jules Hetzel to re-work his ΓÇ£Five Weeks in a Balloon,ΓÇ¥ which led Verne to begin the long series of ΓÇ£Extraordinary JourneysΓÇ¥ (published by HetzelΓÇÖs publisher from then until the end of his career). His next novel, Journey to the Center of the Earth (1867), developed the elements that epitomized the Vernean style ΓÇö moral rectitude, the safety of the group and the thrill of coming close to but never falling over the edge of the unknown. The classic Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea followed in 1870. In 20,000 Leagues, Verne creates the misanthropic romantic Captain Nemo, whose submarine Nautilus has allowed him to escape, in comfort, the negative characteristics of civilization and
